The purpose of a computer’s power supply unit (PSU) is to convert electrical power from an external source into the specific voltages and currents required by the computer's internal components. It ensures that the computer receives stable and reliable power for its operation. Here are the key functions of a PSU:
1. **Power Conversion**: It converts the alternating current (AC) from the electrical outlet into direct current (DC) that the computer components require.
2. **Voltage Regulation**: It provides various DC voltage levels (e.g., +3.3V, +5V, +12V) needed for different components such as the motherboard, CPU, and storage devices, maintaining stable and precise voltage outputs.
3. **Power Distribution**: It distributes power to all essential components of the computer, including the motherboard, processor, hard drives, and peripheral devices.
4. **Safety Protection**: It includes safety features like over-voltage, over-current, and short-circuit protection to safeguard the computer components from electrical damage.
5. **Cooling**: Many PSUs come with built-in fans to help dissipate heat generated during power conversion, ensuring the unit operates efficiently and remains within safe temperature limits.
By performing these functions, the PSU plays a crucial role in the overall stability and functionality of a computer system.